Our children go to a creek or lake, expecting small frogs to hop on its shore, but they will not see them, sooner or later. What happened to this place? The leaders in amphibians analyzed the fact that amphibians have diminished in their population and lots of other species have vanished. Most ecologists have given warning to people that amphibians will disappear. Zippel was quoted as saying, “Amphibians have been around for over 360 million years, enduring at least three mass extinction events, including the one that eliminated the dinosaurs. But amphibians species are becoming extinct at a pace faster than anything we have experienced” (Beeby, 2008, para. 9). I argue that captive breeding is the best way to save amphibians in difficult circumstances. I am sympathetic to Sir David’s argument that “Captive breeding had been shown to be one of the most important and appropriate ways to slow down the effects of the crisis” (McMarthy, 2008, para. 7). Therefore, amphibian scientists should continue to study the protecting method of the endangered amphibians.
In this paper, I argue about how to sustain amphibians’ captive breeding. People should defend the habits of amphibians from bad effects of global warming, and scientists should research methods that solve the problems of fungus diseases. In addition, governments should raise and invest the funds to establish their captive breeding facilities.
First, people should be concerned about protecting the amphibians' habitats from harmful impacts of global warming. Global warming affects amphibians by drying the water in the amphibians’ habitats. “Do we water ecosystems in response to the drying conditions that will accompany climate warming in many regions of the world?” (Knapp, 2008c, para. 1). For example, scientists choose deliberately a natural habitat for captive breeding, because the habitat must reserve proper water for living, which makes bred amphibians keep growing safely. Also, global warming reduces water supplies. The textbook said that global warming causes the high temperature, and the water that is in water supplies decreases or dries up (Miller, Jr., 1994). For example, tadpoles generally eat the green algae like chlorella and sea lettuce. If tadpoles don’t take the nutrition, it means that the growing processes will fail during amphibians’ captive breeding. In addition, when water becomes warm, this causes infectious diseases. For example, the scientists argue that “Warming temperatures had allowed the emergence of chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus that has been wiping out amphibians species around the world. Despite providing only weak support for the role of climate change, the paper was splashed across the pages of hundreds of newspapers and magazines, all repeating the mantra that climate change was now a proven cause of amphibian declines” (Knapp, 2008b, para. 1). Therefore, people should prevent and slow down the bad effects of global warming. I agree with Miller, Jr. (1994), who says that people should not buy products containing CFCs and halon fire extinguishers for home use. Also, people should have car and home air conditioners checked regularly for CFC leaks, repair them, and use energy-efficient light bulbs, refrigerators, and other appliances (Miller, Jr., 1994). Their effects prevent not only global warming but also loss of amphibians’ habitats.
Second, scientists should be encouraged and supported. Thus, the scientists advance to invent medicine that prevents fungus diseases and cures amphibians of them. Amphibian populations might disappear very quickly because of fungus diseses; for example, “Scientists aren’t exactly sure how the fungus, Batrachytrium dendrobatidis, kills, but it seems to break down a protein in the skin called keratin that may be important for respiration. The skin of infected animals sloughs off in layers, and within two weeks they die” (Goodman, 2006, para. 5). If a few amphibians get the fungus diseases, they spread all over the water-areas where amphibians live. Also, when amphibians move to other areas, they require safe conveyance from fungus diseases. For example, commercial trade of wildlife may increase the fungus disease because of changing shelters. In addition, in order to the advancement of learning for captive breeding, the scientists might solve serious fungus diseases promptly. “There was no time to do the meticulous studies of behavior, reproduction, eating habits and habitat that zoologists try to conduct before moving any endangered species from its natural environment” (Goodman, 2006, para. 13). Therefore, scientists should conduct the research for stable captive breeding and discover healing medical methods, which will lead to successful captive breeding.
Third, governments should support the ecologists and research centers for captive breeding. Captive breeding demands ecologists’ personnel. For example, frog researchers act carefully to observe, discover, and carry frog’s eggs to a captive breeding research center from their habitats. The frog researcher Hunter’s case shows that “Even a local council environment officer earns about $50,000 –more than double the income of many of the PHD students like Hunter, who are delivering critical information on preserving Australia’s biodiversity” (The Canberra Times, 2008, para. 1). Also, governments should institute a new rule to support the researchers or the research centers to make their fund-raising campaigns easy and effective. Captive breeding keeps progress toward the amphibian’s sustainable existence. For example, everyone participates in the program like this; “Anyone could help the global program raise funds for frog conservation, including ‘kids selling cookies’ at school fund- raisers” (Beeby, 2008, para. 10). In addition, government should establish a greenbelt zone for stage of captive breeding. When scientists choose a deliberate natural habitat and reserve the habitat, this habitat demands sensitive attention. For example, habitat can be affected by pollination in agriculture or urbanization. Therefore, governments should instruct their people for keeping the environments for amphibians’ breeding and should support either hard-working researchers or captive breeding centers.
My opponents argue that captive breeding is very expensive. “The estimated 5-year cost to house 100 amphibians species in zoos is $41,000,000! Where is this money going to come from? Will it be siphoned away from already scarce funds used for conservation efforts currently being implemented in the wild?” (Knapp, 2008a, para. 2). However, the amphibians are special vertebrates because they maintain a double life on land in water. Also, amphibians have a long history in spite of their weak disposition and bare skin. In addition, “Amphibians play a major role in many ecosystems, in some places the amphibian biomass is greater than that of all the other vertebrates” (Oregon State University, 2006, para. 3). The amphibians reduce the harm of insects for humans and play a role in the ecosystem for other animals in the food chain. Finally, the amphibians affect agriculture; for example, farmers might be achieving a higher rate of their harvest because of amphibians. Increasing amphibians can allow them to anticipate a rich year. Therefore, amphibians demonstrate the original history of the ecosystem, and they give benefits to other animals and people. Amphibians must deserve to exist on earth.
In conclusion, captive breeding poses problems in its processes. The developing of captive breeding requires conservation of amphibians’ habitats from global warming problems, prevention of disaster from fungus disease, and full support of governments. Not only individual people but also global countries must lead the appropriate projects and practical new environmental laws, to keep the amphibians. Captive breeding is the only method to rescue the endangered amphibians from their current critical situation. Also, successful captive breeding will enable us to educate to children how to preserve the endangered species. It is true that captive breeding requires lots of time, money, and devotion. By having children observe the hard process, they will be able to realize how hard it is to protect and balance the environment. Thus, through this hard method, captive breeding can give people sound mind and keep settled the ecosystem. Therefore, people should consider the problems of captive breeding and keep paying attention to captive breeding.
Reference:
Atkinson, C. (2007, October 3). Recovery team brings spotted frog back from brink of extinction. British Columbia News. Retrieved May 27, 2008 from Lexis Nexis database.
Beeby, R. (2008, January 2). International effort to save critically endangered frog species. Canberra Times. Retrieved June 3, 2008, from Lexis Nexis database.
Goodman, B. (2006, June 6). To stem widespread extinction, scientists airlift frogs in carry on bags. The New York Times. Retrieved June 3, 2008, from Lexis Nexis database.
The hard slog to save the frogs. (2005, May 9). The Canberra Times. The environment. Retrieved May 27, 2008 from Lexis Nexis database.
Jenkin, C. (2007, August 8). One degree change the planet’s future; Part 3 earth’s challenges; The struggle to save what’s left. The Advertiser/Sunday Mail. Retrieved June 3, 2008, from Lexis Nexis database.
Knapp, R. (2008a, May 23). The amphibian ark: good intentions, uncertain outcomes. Frog Blog. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from http://anuranblog.blogspot.com
Knapp, R. (2008b, March 27). Climate change and global amphibian declines. Frog Blog. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from http://anuranblog.blogspot.com
Knapp, R. (2008c, February 28). Conservation in an age of climate change. Frog Blog. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from http://anuranblog.blogspot.com
McCarthy, M. (2008, January 3). Frog numbers in peril from spread of killer fungus. The Independent Newspaper. Retrieved June 3, 2008, from Lexis Nexis database.
Miller, Jr., G.T. (1994). Environment: Problems and solutions. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
Oregon State University (2006, July 7). Major initiative proposed to address amphibian crisis. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com
Friday, June 20, 2008
Thursday, June 19, 2008
Chat is bad
Chat is a game, a kind of addiction. If people pay attention to the chat, it makes them waste too much time especially teenagers. In that time, their languages are going to go in the wrong ways, for example cutting down words or changing meanings of words. These affect the teenager’s low ability in their language. “Professor Ben Yagoda has been teaching English for 16 years. Students, he says, are getting brighter. But their abilities to write clearly have deteriorated appreciably in the past four or five years” (Weeks, 2008, para. 35). The trouble from chat has increased in contemporary society. People should be concerned about the problem of chat.
In this paper, I argue that the chat causes the students to have wrong habits of in writing. Also, students waste time because of doing chat. Therefore, too much chatting decreases the quality of our culture.
The choice of words during the chat is what which makes it a wrong habit. The teenagers usually use the reduced form and symbols. For example, “A.S.A.P” can explain “as soon as possible” or some feeling can be explained ^^, -.-. If students use the chat word with public language, the meaning makes others confused, especially older people. “A recent survey by the College Board and Pew Internet and American Life Project found that most students say it’s important to know how to write well, but a majority also said that internet-style language –including abbreviations and emoticons – is making its way into their class work” (Weeks, 2008, para. 37). Also, their conversation is so fast during the chat it makes students lack thinking. For example, students don’t use consideration for their schoolwork of writing. “As more and more teenagers socialize online, middle school and high school teachers like Ms. Harding are increasingly seeing a breezy form of Internet English jump from e-mail into schoolwork” (Lee, 2002, paras.12-14). Therefore, chat habit causes decreasing ability of their language, which didn’t help their studying way.
In addition, most students waste time in order to chat. Students need time for studying; they should learn for their successful goals. For example, most middle schools and high schools require homework and review for lessons. If students pay attention to the chat, probably they will fail in their lessons. Also, long time chat can be related to a bad situation. For example, some sexual criminals try to contact teenagers with chat. This is a very serious problem of society. Therefore, because students don’t use their spare time wisely, teenagers can be exposed to the sexual crime.
In conclusion, chat is spread widely by teenagers. It makes a wrong style of writing and just light composition, so people feel it is difficult to understand the meaning with teenagers. Teenagers “whose social life can rely as much these days on text communication as the spoken word, say that they use instant-messaging shorthand without thinking about it” (Lee, 2002, para12-14). Therefore, the students should use the chat less and try the correct way of language skill in their schoolwork.-
Reference:
Lee, J. (2002, September). Nu shortcuts in school R 2 much 4 teachers. NY Times. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from http://tinyurl.com/5p7vtb.
Weeks, L. (2008, June 15). The fate of the sentence: is the writing on the wall? Washington Post. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from tinyurl.com/6bp4kz.
In this paper, I argue that the chat causes the students to have wrong habits of in writing. Also, students waste time because of doing chat. Therefore, too much chatting decreases the quality of our culture.
The choice of words during the chat is what which makes it a wrong habit. The teenagers usually use the reduced form and symbols. For example, “A.S.A.P” can explain “as soon as possible” or some feeling can be explained ^^, -.-. If students use the chat word with public language, the meaning makes others confused, especially older people. “A recent survey by the College Board and Pew Internet and American Life Project found that most students say it’s important to know how to write well, but a majority also said that internet-style language –including abbreviations and emoticons – is making its way into their class work” (Weeks, 2008, para. 37). Also, their conversation is so fast during the chat it makes students lack thinking. For example, students don’t use consideration for their schoolwork of writing. “As more and more teenagers socialize online, middle school and high school teachers like Ms. Harding are increasingly seeing a breezy form of Internet English jump from e-mail into schoolwork” (Lee, 2002, paras.12-14). Therefore, chat habit causes decreasing ability of their language, which didn’t help their studying way.
In addition, most students waste time in order to chat. Students need time for studying; they should learn for their successful goals. For example, most middle schools and high schools require homework and review for lessons. If students pay attention to the chat, probably they will fail in their lessons. Also, long time chat can be related to a bad situation. For example, some sexual criminals try to contact teenagers with chat. This is a very serious problem of society. Therefore, because students don’t use their spare time wisely, teenagers can be exposed to the sexual crime.
In conclusion, chat is spread widely by teenagers. It makes a wrong style of writing and just light composition, so people feel it is difficult to understand the meaning with teenagers. Teenagers “whose social life can rely as much these days on text communication as the spoken word, say that they use instant-messaging shorthand without thinking about it” (Lee, 2002, para12-14). Therefore, the students should use the chat less and try the correct way of language skill in their schoolwork.-
Reference:
Lee, J. (2002, September). Nu shortcuts in school R 2 much 4 teachers. NY Times. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from http://tinyurl.com/5p7vtb.
Weeks, L. (2008, June 15). The fate of the sentence: is the writing on the wall? Washington Post. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from tinyurl.com/6bp4kz.
The Problems of Captive Breeding
In "The hard slog to save the frogs," the author introduces an ecologist, Hunter, who tries to search for imperiled frogs' eggs for captive breeding. According to article, the frog researcher conducts carefully to observe, discover, and carry frogs' eggs to a captive breeding research center from their habit. At this time, the frog researcher requires lots of efforts to discover the frogs' eggs, because amphibians' species have diminished and their habitats have disappeared. The author points out that most ecologists bring low salaries like Hunter. However, as for the frog researcher, Hunter says that he enjoys his work in spite of these problems, because the great natural environment give realization about his life to him.
This article shows another way of the ecologist. I have curiosity about his work, which is a special job and helps endangered amphibians. Also, I can find difficult problems about captive breeding. These are trouble with assisting their inhabitation in captive breeding, instability of growth of frogs' subsistence after captive breeding, and scarcity of funds for the captive breeding process.
First, scientists have difficulty finding appropriate surrounding at the captive breeding time. When tadpoles grow into the frogs in an artificial habitat, their food is very important. For example, tadpoles generally eat the green algae like chlorella and sea lettuce, but they have trouble increasing in the artificial surrounding. Also, scientists choose a deliberate natural habitat and reserve the habitat, which habitat demands sensitive attention. For example, the habitat can be affected by pollutants in agriculture or urbanization. Therefore, people should preserve water of creeks, lakes, and valleys for frogs' inhabitation.
Second, even though captive breeding may succeed, the frogs' existence is a rare occurrence. Already the frogs have been exposed to a critical situation since 1980. For example, the chytrid fungus cause an infectious disease that makes the frogs disappear rapidly anywhere. Also, a natural swamp usually contains the frogs' predators. For example, the adult frogs go back the bogs after captive breeding; they become the prey of the bullfrogs or the green frogs. Therefore, scientists should invent methods that prevent the chytrid fungus or separate endangered frogs from their predators.
Finally, the strong problem is that the captive breeding requires funds. Captive breeding cannot be distributed equally to balance global ecosystem. For example, most less developed countries show worse ecological environment, but they do not have finance for captive breeding. In addition, the personnel are small numbers who search the endangered frogs' eggs for captive breeding. Actually frog research is a strange filed. For example, the frog researchers might travel to the remote areas like a boggy forest, a steep valley, or cold creek. Also, they earn a small income, in spite of lots of effort. Therefore, wealthier governments should be concered about captive breeding in the global view.
In conclusion, captive breeding poses problems in its processes. Amphibians' habitats and survival are always related with environmental problems and captive breeding. In addition, governments should help ecologists and scientists with captive breeding. The captive breeding is the only method to rescue the imperiled amphibians from the their critical situation. Therefore, people should consider the problems and keep paying attention to captive breeding.
Reference:
The hard slog to save the frogs. (2005, May 9). The Canberra Times. The environment. Retrieved May 27, 2008 from Lexis Nexis database.
This article shows another way of the ecologist. I have curiosity about his work, which is a special job and helps endangered amphibians. Also, I can find difficult problems about captive breeding. These are trouble with assisting their inhabitation in captive breeding, instability of growth of frogs' subsistence after captive breeding, and scarcity of funds for the captive breeding process.
First, scientists have difficulty finding appropriate surrounding at the captive breeding time. When tadpoles grow into the frogs in an artificial habitat, their food is very important. For example, tadpoles generally eat the green algae like chlorella and sea lettuce, but they have trouble increasing in the artificial surrounding. Also, scientists choose a deliberate natural habitat and reserve the habitat, which habitat demands sensitive attention. For example, the habitat can be affected by pollutants in agriculture or urbanization. Therefore, people should preserve water of creeks, lakes, and valleys for frogs' inhabitation.
Second, even though captive breeding may succeed, the frogs' existence is a rare occurrence. Already the frogs have been exposed to a critical situation since 1980. For example, the chytrid fungus cause an infectious disease that makes the frogs disappear rapidly anywhere. Also, a natural swamp usually contains the frogs' predators. For example, the adult frogs go back the bogs after captive breeding; they become the prey of the bullfrogs or the green frogs. Therefore, scientists should invent methods that prevent the chytrid fungus or separate endangered frogs from their predators.
Finally, the strong problem is that the captive breeding requires funds. Captive breeding cannot be distributed equally to balance global ecosystem. For example, most less developed countries show worse ecological environment, but they do not have finance for captive breeding. In addition, the personnel are small numbers who search the endangered frogs' eggs for captive breeding. Actually frog research is a strange filed. For example, the frog researchers might travel to the remote areas like a boggy forest, a steep valley, or cold creek. Also, they earn a small income, in spite of lots of effort. Therefore, wealthier governments should be concered about captive breeding in the global view.
In conclusion, captive breeding poses problems in its processes. Amphibians' habitats and survival are always related with environmental problems and captive breeding. In addition, governments should help ecologists and scientists with captive breeding. The captive breeding is the only method to rescue the imperiled amphibians from the their critical situation. Therefore, people should consider the problems and keep paying attention to captive breeding.
Reference:
The hard slog to save the frogs. (2005, May 9). The Canberra Times. The environment. Retrieved May 27, 2008 from Lexis Nexis database.
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